본고에서는 동아시아 보살계 사상의 전개에 대한 역사적 고찰을 통해 元曉(617~686)의 『菩薩戒本持犯要記』(이하 『지범요기』)의 성격을 이해하였다. 세밀한 내용분석을 통해 『지범요기』의 찬술 목적을 파악하고, 나아가 신라 불교계에서 『지범요기』의 역할에 대해서도 생각해보았다. 『지범요기』에는 달마계본과 다라계본, 즉 유가계와 범망계가 동시에 등장한다. 이에 대해 원효가 보다 중시한 것이 유가계다, 범망계다, 또는 유가계·범망계를 조화·화해시켜려 하였다 등의 다양한 해석이 있었다. 5세기 『菩薩地持經』, 『優婆塞戒經』의 역출, 『梵網經』, 『菩薩瓔珞本業經』 등의 僞撰으로 보살계경이 유행하면서 많은 보살계본이 만들어졌는데, 6세기에 이미 지지계와 범망계가 결합된 형태의 보살계본이 등장한다. 지지계(유가계)의 핵심인 三聚(淨)戒는 『보살영락본업경』에도 수용되고, 『범망경』 주석시 적극적으로 활용된다. 그러므로 7세기 동아시아에서 지지계(유가계)와 범망계를 동시에 거론하는 것은 매우 자연스러운 모습이었다. 『지범요기』에는 원효가 달마계본과 다라계본을 조화·화해시키기 위해 노력한 흔적이 보이지 않는다. 『지범요기』에서 원효가 중점을 두어 설명한 것은 무엇이 보살계의 ‘중죄’인가였다. 自讚毁他戒를 예로 들었는데, 원효가 가장 경계한 것은 正戒(성문계)를 잘 지키는 자기자신을 훌륭하다고 여기고 다른 사람은 업신여기는 마음이었다. 원효에게 당시 신라 교단에 대한 비판의식이 있었던 것은 분명하지만, 그렇다고 해서 직접 교단을 비판하기 위해 『지범요기』를 쓴 것은 아닌 것 같다. 그보다는 스스로 보살계 정신을 잊지 말자고 다짐하고, 學徒들에게 계가 無自性임을 깨닫고 보살계를 항상 마음에 새기라는 조언을 남기기 위해서 저술한 것으로 보인다. 『지범요기』에는 교단에 속한 신라 출가자에게 보살계의 올바른 受持를 촉구하는 메시지가 담겨 있다. 이는 출가자의 보살계 수지가 일반적이지 않던 신라 교단 내에 보살계에 대한 관심을 증대시키는 역할을 하였으리라 생각한다.
This research is to understand the characteristic of Wŏnhyo’s Posalgyepon jibŏm yogi ( hereafter, Jibŏm yogi) through historical consideration of bodhisattva precepts’ philosophical progress in East Asia. Also, this study focuses on the purpose of writing Jibŏm yogi by analysis of the content and its role in Silla Buddhism. In Jibŏm yogi, both Brahma’s Net Precepts (梵網戒) and Yogācāra Precepts (瑜伽戒) are found so that there has been various interpretations regarding this. Some say that Wŏnhyo put more emphasis on the former while others suggest the latter was considered more important. In addition, it is said that Wŏnhyo sought the harmony or reconciliation of the two in his work. In the 5<SUP>th</SUP> Century, many texts on the bodhisattva precepts were written because sutras on Bodhisattva precepts became widespread. This is due to the fact that Posal chijigyŏng (菩薩地持經, Sutra on Bodhisattva Stages) and Upasae gyegyŏng (優波塞戒經, Sutra on Upasaka Precepts) were translated as well as apocryphal scriptures like Pŏmmanggyŏng (梵網經, Sutra of Brahma’s Net) and Bosal yŏngnak bonŏpkyŏng (菩薩瓔珞本業經, Sutra of the Garland of a Bodhisattva’s Primary Karmas) appeared. From the 6<SUP>th</SUP> Century, texts on the bodhisattva precepts, which included both Brahma’s Net Precepts and Yogācāra Precepts appeared. For example, Samch’ wichŏngye, (三聚淨戒, three categories of pure precepts), the core idea in Yogācāra Precepts, was borrowed by Bosal yŏngnak bonŏpkyŏng and used to comment Pŏmmanggyŏng. In this historical context, it was common for Brahma’s Net Precepts as well as Yogācāra Precepts to appear together in one Buddhist text or book in East Asia in the 7<SUP>th</SUP> Century. Wŏnhyo’s effort to harmonize or reconcile the two precepts is hardly found in Jibŏm yogi . What Wŏnhyo placed emphasis on in his work was how to define the grievous sin in bodhisattva precepts. He used the precept, ‘Prohibition of Praising Oneself and Disparaging Others’ as a pillar in his work. Even in his life, he refrained from praising himself who ordained bodhisattva precepts and disparaging others. At that time, it was obvious that Wŏnhyo was critical of Silla’s Buddhist Order; however, he did not write Jibŏm yogi as a means of criticizing the Order directly. Rather, he wrote the book to show his resolve in obeying bodhisattva precepts, and to convince students and monks that the precept is selflessness, urging them to obey the precept in their hearts. Wŏnhyo encouraged monks affiliated with Silla’s Buddhist Order to receive and observe the bodhisattva precepts through Jibŏm yogi. Therefore, it can be said that his book contributed to the increased interest in the bodhisattva precepts which was not common to receive in Silla’s Buddhist Order.