본 연구에서는 아동이 지각한 모의 양육태도와 심리적 안녕감의 관계를 확인하고, 모의 양육태도가 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향에서 스트레스 대처행동의 매개효과를 규명하였다. 이를 위해 경기도 및 경상도에 위치한 초등학교 5, 6학년 489명을 대상으로 조사하였으며, 연구도구는 부모양육태도검사의 모의 척도, 심리적 안녕감 척도(PWBS), 스트레스 대처행동 척도를 사용하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 상관분석, 회귀분석, 매개효과 검증절차를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0을 사용하여 분석하였으며, 본 연구에서 밝혀진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주요변인간의 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 모의 양육태도의 각 하위요인은 적극적 대처행동, 사회지지 추구적 대처행동, 심리적 안녕감과 정적상관관계가 있었다. 반면 소극/회피적 대처행동과 공격적 대처행동과는 부적상관관계가 있었다. 둘째, 모의 양육태도가 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향에 대해 중다회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 모의 양육태도 하위요인 중 애정-적대, 성취-비성취, 합리-비합리가 심리적 안녕감에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 모의 양육태도가 스트레스 대처행동에 미치는 영향에 대해 중다회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 양육태도 하위요인 중 애정-적대는 적극적, 공격적 대처행동에 영향을 미치고, 성취-비성취는 적극적, 사회지지 추구적 대처행동에 영향을 미치며, 합리-비합리는 소극적, 공격적 대처행동에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 스트레스 대처행동이 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향에 대해 중다회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 스트레스 대처행동의 각 하위요인은 심리적 안녕감 총점에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 다섯째, 위의 결과를 토대로 매개효과 검증 조건에 부합하는 변인인 아동이 지각하는 모의 양육태도와 스트레스 대처행동, 심리적 안녕감 총점과 하위요인들을 각각 독립변인, 종속변인, 매개변인으로 하여 매개효과를 검증하였다. 모의 양육태도 하위요인(애정-적대, 합리-비합리, 성취-비성취)과 심리적 안녕감의 관계에서 스트레스 대처행동의 각 하위요인(적극적, 소극/회피적, 공격적, 사회지지 추구적)이 부분매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났고, 자율-통제와 심리적 안녕감의 관계에서 스트레스 대처행동의 하위요인(적극적, 공격적, 사회지지 추구적)이 부분매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 아동의 심리적 안녕감 향상에 영향을 미치는 모의 양육태도와 스트레스 대처행동의 중요성을 확인하고, 심리적 안녕감 향상을 위한 아동상담과 부모교육의 기초자료를 마련하는데 의의가 있다.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between maternal attitude perceived by children and their psychological wellbeing and the mediating effects of their stress-coping behaviors on the influential relationships between perceived maternal attitude and psychological wellbeing. The subjects in this study were 489 selected children who were in their fifth and sixth grades in elementary schools located in Gyeonggi Province and Gyangsang Province. They were assessed with maternal scale of Parental Attitude Inventory and Psychological Wellbeing Scale(PWBS) and Stress coping behavior scale. The collected data were analyzed by a statistical package SPSS 22.0. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, when a correlation analysis was made to look for connections among the major variables, every subfactor of maternal attitude was positively correlated with active coping behavior, coping behavior of seeking social support and psychological wellbeing. And that was negatively correlated with passive coping behavior and aggressive coping behavior. Second, when a multiple regression analysis was made to determine the impact of maternal attitude on psychological wellbeing, maternal attitude exerted a significant influence on psychological wellbeing. To be specific, maternal affection-hostility, maternal achievement- nonachievement and maternal rationality-irrationality affected psychological wellbeing in a significant manner. Third, when aother multiple regression analysis was made to find out the influence of maternal attitude on stress-coping behavior, maternal attitude exercised a significant influence on that. The children who considered the maternal attitude of their mothers to be more affectionate showed more active coping behavior but didn''t show aggressive coping behavior. The children who regarded the maternal attitude of their mothers as more achievement-oriented made more use of active coping and seeking social support, and they made more use of passive and aggressive coping when they considered the maternal attitude of their mothers to be more irrational. Fourth, when a multiple regression analysis was made once again to figure out the impact of stress-coping behavior on psychological wellbeing, stress-coping behavior affected it in a significant way. Fifth, maternal attitude perceived by the children, stress-coping behavior and psychological wellbeing were identified as the variables that were likely to produce mediating effects based on the above-mentioned findings. Therefore the mediating effects of the variables were tested by selecting perceived maternal attitude, stress-coping behavior and psychological wellbeing as an independent variable, a dependent variable and a mediator variable respectively after the total scores in the variables and scores in each subfactor were calculated. As a result of testing the mediating effects of the variables according to Baron & Kenny(1986)''s mediating effect test procedure, every subfactor of stress-coping behavior(active, passive/avoidanct, aggressive and seeking social support) had partial mediating effects on the relationships between the subfactors of maternal attitude(affection-hostility, rationality- irrationality and achievement-nonachievement) and psychological wellbeing. Besides, three subfactors of stress-coping behavior that were active coping, aggressive coping and social support seeking had partial mediating effects on the relationships between maternal autonomy- control, which was one of the subfactors of maternal attitude, and psychological wellbeing. So far, the mediating effects of maternal attitude, psychological wellbeing and stress-coping behavior were analyzed in this study. This study is of significance in that it ascertained the importance of children''s stress-coping behavior and maternal attitude and provided some information on how to offer child counseling and parent education to improve children''s psychological wellbeing.