우리는 아이러니의 시대에 산다. 다원화 시대를 살지만, 사람들은 다양성에 익숙하지 않기 때문이다. 미래사회가 지금보다 더 다원화 될 것임을 알지만, 우리의 일상은 그렇지 못하다. 우리 사회를 구성하는 다양한 문화에 대한 인식도, 그런 문화를 생산하는 주체들에 대한 배려도 부족하다. 다양성을 향한 우리의 인식과 우리의 일상적인 삶의 거리가 큰 것이다. 그렇기에 이 같은 우리의 인식과 우리 삶의 거리를 좁히기 위한 교육의 필요성이 요구되고 있다. 하지만, 교육에서 조차 우리 사회의 다양성을 배우는 것이 쉽지 않다. 교육을 통해 우리가 배우는 것 역시 다수자의 관점으로 구성되어 있기 때문이다. 그렇기에 지금 이 시대의 교육은 우리가 일상에서 접하고 있는 다양한 문화적 현상들과 다양한 사회적 구성원들을 위한 교육에 대한 책무감을 가져야 한다.전체와 같음을 지향하는 인간이 아니라, 다름과 차이에 가치를 두고 있는 인간을 양성할 의무가 있는 것이다. 우리 사회에 거주하는 소수자들을 위한 교육이 그런 가치의 구현을 위해 필요한 교육인 것이다. 학생들에게 우리 삶이 갖고 있는 다양성을 알게 하는 것이 필요하다. 그런 다양성 속에서 소외되고 외면 받아온 소수자에 대한 인식도 새롭게 해야 한다. 나와 다른 특별한 사람이 아니라, 나와 더불어 살아가는 인간임을 알게 하는 것이 필요하다. 하나의 잣대로 그들 삶을 재단하는 것이 아니라, 우리 사회를 구성하는 다양한 기준으로 다양한 사람들의 삶을 바라볼 필요가 있음도 알게 해야 한다. 이런 다양한 가치를 배워 나와 다름이 단지 옳고 그름의 문제가 아니라, 차이와 다름의 문제임을 알게 하는 것이 필요하다. 그런 교육의 과정을 가능하게 해주는 것이 바로 소수자교육인 것이다. 그동안 소수자교육은 독자적으로 연구되기보다는 다문화교육과 인권교육 차원에서 연구하였다. 내용상 소수자교육내용 관련 선정연구, 교육과정 및 교과서 분석 연구 등을 중심으로 행해져 왔다. 하지만, 정작 학교 교육과 관련한 소수자교육 프로그램을 구성하고 적용하는 연구는 미비하였다. 본 연구는 바로 이 같은 문제의식에서 출발한다. 우리 문화 속에 공존하는 다양한 소수자들의 삶을 인정하고 그들과 더불어 살아가는 소수자교육 프로그 램을 개발하였다. 세계화·다원화 시대를 살아갈 인간은 차이와 다름의 가치를 지닌, 다양성에 대해 열린 인식을 갖고 있는 ‘폭넓은 세계관’을 지닌 시민이다. 이들은 다양한 문화를 수용할 줄 알고, 개인의 권리뿐만 아니라 타인의 입장 에서도 사고할 줄 아는 인권 감수성을 지닌 인간이어야 한다. 이런 인간은 어려서부터 육성해야 하며 초등학교 교육과정에서부터 다루어질 때 그 효과가더 증대할 것이라 믿는다. 이에 본 연구는 초등학교 4-6학년 학생들을 대상으로 소수자교육 프로그램을 개발·적용하여 보았다. 이 같은 연구 과제를 달성하기 위해 설정한 연구 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소수자교육과 관련한 초등 사회과 교육과정을 분석한다. 이를 통해 그동안 사회과 교육과정에서 행해져온 소수자교육의 실태를 파악하고, 대안을 마련하고자 한다. 둘째, 소수자교육 관련 분석 준거를 토대로 한국 초등 사회과 교과서의 내용을 분석하고 새로운 소수자교육 프로그램을 구성한다. 셋째, 소수자교육 프로그램을 수업에 적용한 후 학생들이 수업 중 활동한 학습지, 성찰일기 등의 정성 자료를 수집하여 그 결과를 성찰하고 소수자교육의 방향을 밝힌다. 이 같은 연구 과정을 통해 마련된 6차시의 소수자교육 프로그램을 경기도 고양시 소재 H초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 학생 18명에게 적용하였다. 프로그램 적용후 수집한 차시별 교사와 학생과의 대화, 활동지 그리고 학습 후의 성찰 일기 등을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 학생들은 소수자와 관련한 자신의 행동과 태도에 대하여 다시 생각하는 계기를 얻었다. 둘째, 차별받고 인정받지 못하는 소수자의 마음을 헤아리는 공감능력이 향상되었다. 셋째, 소수자를 차별하지 말아야겠다고 스스로 다짐하며, 반차별적 차원의 가치·태도가 신장되었다. 넷째, 소수자와 공존하는 삶을 위해 스스로 할 수 있는 일들을 계획하고 실천하는 능력이 향상되었다. 요약한다면, 본 연구 과정을 통해 학생들은 다양한 문화를 바탕으로 개인의 차이와 다양성을 이해하고 존중하는 가치·태도 형성에 영향을 주었다고 할 수있다. 또한, 우리 사회에 이미 존재했지만 외면하고 있는 소수자들의 다양한 삶의 모습에 관심을 갖는 계기가 되었다. 우리안의 무의식적인 선입견과 편견을 다시금 인식할 수 있었고, 그런 인식을 버려야 한다는 생각도 갖게 되었다. 다양한 문화가 우리의 일상을 함께 하고 있는 우리의 삶에서 이 같은 인식의 전환은 커다란 의미가 있다고 생각한다. 이번 연구를 통해 학생들이 갖고 있는 인식이 지속적으로 성장하고, 나와 다른 사람들에 대한 배려와 공감이 일상적인 삶의 모습으로 정착할 수 있도록 학교 교육이 변화되었으면 하는 바람을 가져본다.
We live in the age of irony. Because people are not familiar with diversity, in spite of living in the age of diversity. We know the diversity of our life will deepen, but our daily life is not. There is also a lack of awareness of the diverse cultures that make up our society and the consideration of the subjects that produce such cultures. Distance between our perception of diversity and our everyday life is long. This is why we recognize the need for education to narrow down that distance. But even in education, it is not easy to learn the diversity of our society. This is because what we learn through education is also made up of multiple viewpoints. Therefore, education in this era should have a responsibility for education for diverse cultural phenomena and diverse social members in our everyday life. We have obligation to educate human being not who is aiming to be the same as the whole, but who value difference and difference. Education for minorities in our society is an education necessary for the realization of such values. It is necessary to let students know the diversity of our lives. We must renew our perception of the minority that has been alienated and neglected in such diversity. It is necessary do not distinguish minority as a special object of our society but recognize as the same human being who are living with us. We need to let them know that we need to look at the lives of various people based on various standards that make up our society, not just to set their lives in one standard. We need to make them understand that the difference is not just a matter of right and wrong but of difference and difference by learning these various values. In the previous research, education of minority has been studied as multicultural education and human rights education, not independently. The contents have been mainly focused on the selection study related to minority education contents, curriculum and textbook analysis study. However, there have been few researches to construct and apply minority education programs related to school education. This study starts from the consciousness of this problem. We developed minority education program that recognize various minorities living in our culture and live with them. Citizen we expect in an age of Globalization and Diversification will be a citizen who accepts various cultures with ‘A broad Worldview’, and also a human being who has humanity sensibility to think not only of individual rights but also others. I believe that this kind of human beings should be cultivated from their early age and that they will be more effective when dealt with from the elementary school curriculum. Therefore, this study develops and applies a minority education program for elementary school 4th, 5th, and 6th grade students. The research contents for the achievement of research purpose are as follows. First, analyze curriculum of elementary social study related to minority education. Through this, we try to understand the actual situation of minority education that has been done in the social studies curriculum and to provide an alternative. Second, analyze the content of Korean primary social studies textbooks and to form a new minority education program, by applying the analysis criteria of minority education. Third, after the minority education program, gather qualitative data such as worksheets and reflection diary that were made during the class to reflect the results of minority education program and to clarify the direction of minority education. With reflecting above, I designed 6 sessions minority education program and applied to 18 students in 4th, 5th and 6th grades of H elementary school in Goyang city, Gyeonggi-do. After applying this program, we can get following results by analyzing the dialogue between the teacher and the students, worksheets and reflection diary. First, students had the opportunity to rethink their behavior and attitudes with minorities. Second, empathy ability to count the minds of the minority who are discriminated and unrecognized has been improved. Third, making them pledge themselves that they should not discriminate against minorities, and the values and attitudes of the anti-discriminatory dimension have grown. Fourth, The ability to plan and practice that they can do for themselves for living with minorities has been improved. In summary, this study has shown that students have influenced the formation of values and attitudes that understand and respect individuals'' diversity and diversity based on diverse cultures. Also, it was an opportunity to pay attention to various aspects of the life of minorities who already existed in our society but are ignored. And also they can recognize again the unconscious prejudices and prejudices within us, and also got the idea to abandon such perceptions. In our lives, where various cultures share our daily lives, I think that the shift in awareness is of great significance. I hope this study will change the school education so that students'' perceptions will grow steadily, and consideration and sympathy for others will settle into their daily lives.
목차
국문초록 ··························································································· ⅰⅠ. 서론 ····························································································· 11. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ··································································· 12. 연구의 내용 ·················································································· 63. 선행연구 분석 ··············································································· 7Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ················································································· 121. 소수자와 소수자교육 ··································································· 122. 초등학교 사회과 교육과 소수자교육 ·············································· 22가. 우리나라 초등 사회과 교육에서의 소수자교육 ····························· 22나. 미국 사회과 교육과정의 소수자교육 ··········································· 25다. 논의 ························································································ 30Ⅲ. 연구 설계 및 방법 ········································································· 321. 연구 대상 ···················································································· 322. 연구 절차 및 기간 ········································································ 333. 프로그램 구안 및 적용의 절차 ······················································· 34가. 초등 사회 교과서 및 지도서 분석 ················································ 34나. 프로그램 개발 ·········································································· 43다. 프로그램 검토 및 적용 ······························································ 474. 자료 처리 및 분석 ········································································ 48Ⅳ. 연구 결과 ···················································································· 491. 소수자교육 프로그램 개발 ···························································· 49가. 프로그램 개발의 실제(1) : 다양한 삶의 모습 ······························· 50나. 프로그램 개발의 실제(2) : 소수자 접근하기 ································ 53다. 프로그램 개발의 실제(3) : 두 가지 모습, 어떤 것이 진짜일까?······· 55라. 프로그램 개발의 실제(4) : 소수자들과 우리 사회 ························· 56마. 프로그램 개발의 실제(5) : 우리 사회의 구성원 ···························· 59바. 프로그램 개발의 실제(6) : 함께 살아가는 세상 ····························· 612. 소수자교육 프로그램 실행 효과 ····················································· 63가. 수업 중 담화를 활용한 분석 ······················································· 63나. 수업 후 성찰일기를 활용한 분석 ················································· 733. 논의 ··························································································· 76Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 ················································································ 781. 결론 ··························································································· 782. 제언 ··························································································· 80참고문헌 ··························································································· 82영문초록 ··························································································· 86부 록 ································································································ 901. 수업프로그램 2차시 활동지(1) 양식 ·············································· 912. 수업프로그램 2차시 활동지(1) 학생 결과물 ··································· 923. 수업프로그램 3차시 활동지(2) 양식 ·············································· 974. 수업프로그램 2차시 활동지(2) 학생 결과물 ··································· 985. 수업 후 성찰일지 양식 ································································ 1026. 수업 후 성찰일지 학생 결과물 ····················································· 103