오늘날 전 세계적으로 관심을 받는 일 중의 한 가지는 바르게 대처해야 하는 인구노령화 문제이다. 인구노령화는 단순히 노인의 개인적 문제가 아닌 사회적 문제로 사회 전반에 여러 가지 영향을 미치고 있으므로 이에 대한 다양한 대책이 필요하다. 지금 20대 젊은 대학생들은 미래 고령사회의 핵심구성원이고 고령화 문제에 대한 여러 가지 영향을 가장 직접적으로 받게 될 세대라서 이들의 노인에 대한 지식과 태도는 매우 중요하다. 한국과 중국은 빠른 속도로 고령화 사회에 진입했으며 이로 인해 각종 사회적 문제에 적극 대응해야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국과 중국의 대학생을 대상으로 노인에 대한 지식과 태도는 어떤 차이가 있는가를 비교해보고, 노인에 대한 태도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위하여 한국 K대학과 중국 M대학의 재학생을 대상으로 2018년 7월 초부터 2018년 7월 말까지 설문조사를 실시하였고, 한국 대학생 240명, 중국 대학생 218명을 최종분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 24.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, t-test, ANOVA 분석, 상관관계분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다.
본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국과 중국대학생의 성별은 여자가 많고, 과반수 정도가 중소도시에서 성장했으며, 종교가 없는 학생이 많고, 가정경제수준은 보통 수준이었다. 한국대학생은 모든 학년이 고르게 조사된 반면 중국대학생은 4학년이 적었다. 둘째, 한국과 중국대학생의 노인에 대한 태도를 비교해 본 결과(1-7점), 구간에서 한국대학생은 4.04점, 중국대학생은 4.45점으로 양국 학생 모두 노인에 대한 태도가 중립적 범위(3.5-4.5)에 속하며, 중국대학생의 노인에 대한 태도가 한국대학생보다 더 긍정적이고 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 한편, 한국과 중국대학생의 노인에 대한 지식을 비교해 본 결과(0-24점), 한국대학생의 노인에 대한 지식은 12.23점으로 중국대학생의 노인에 대한 지식 11.12점보다 높았고 통계학적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 노인에 대한 태도의 차이를 살펴보면 한국대학생은 노인 존경대상인정에 따라 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 한편 중국대학생은 조부모와 동거경험, 노인 존경대상인정에 따라 집단 간에 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 회귀분석결과 한국대학생의 경우 노인 존경대상 인정, 노인 관련 강의수강경험과 노인에 대한 정서적 지식이 노인에 대한 태도에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 요인이었다. 즉 노인을 존경대상으로 인정할수록, 노인 관련 강의 수강경험이 있을수록, 노인에 대한 정서적 지식수준이 높을수록 노인에 대한 태도는 긍정적이었다. 한편, 중국대학생의 경우에는 성장지역, 종교, 조부모와 동거 경험, 노인 자원봉사경험, 노인 관련 강의수강경험, 노인 존경대상 인정, 노인에 대한 정서적 지식이 노인에 대한 태도에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 요인이었다. 즉 농어촌 출신일수록, 종교가 있을수록, 조부모와 동거 경험이 있을수록, 노인 자원봉사경험이 있을수록, 노인 관련 강의 수강경험이 없을수록, 노인을 존경대상으로 인정할수록, 노인에 대한 정서적 지식수준이 높을수록, 노인에 대한 태도는 긍정적이었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 한 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미래 고령사회의 핵심적인 구성원으로서 고령화 문제들을 해결해 나가야 할 대학생의 노인에 대한 지식 및 태도에 대한 연구를 지속적으로 진행하여야 할 것이다. 이러한 연구를 통해 젊은 세대의 노인에 대한 올바른 인식을 가질 수 있는 기회를 제공하는 기초 자료로 활용되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 국가 간 비교가 가능한 노인에 대한 지식과 태도에 대한 표준화된 척도가 개발 되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 향후 경로의 전통사상을 지속적으로 계승되어야 할 것이다. 대학생들이 노인을 정확하게 이해하고 올바른 지식을 가질 수 있는 교육도 적극적으로 실시되어야 하여 노인과 접촉할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발, 보급하여야 할 것이다.
One of the issues of today which must be dealt with and has attracted global interest is the world’s aging population. The aging population is not simply a problem only for the elderly, but a societal issue affecting many different aspects of society therefore requiring a multifaceted approach. Today’s young university students in their twenties will become the core members of society in the future and will be the age group most directly affected by this issue, so their knowledge and attitudes towards the elderly is extremely important. Korea and China are rapidly finding themselves faced with an aging population and must actively cope with the various social issues that come with it. The aim of this study is to compare the differences in knowledge and attitudes towards the elderly between Korean and Chinese university students, and to identify factors which could influence the attitudes toward the elderly.
In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted for the students of Korean university K and Chinese university M from the beginning to the end of July 2018, with 280 Korean and 218 Chinese university students involved in the study. The SPSS 24.0 program was used to conduct frequency analyses, crosstab analyses, t-tests, ANOVA, correlation analyses and regression analyses on the data collected in the study.
The main results of the study are as follows.
Firstly, many Korean and Chinese university students were female, with most students being brought up in small to medium sized cities, without a religion, and coming from average socio-economic backgrounds. Korean university students were selected from all year levels while few of the Chinese students selected were in their fourth year.
Secondly, in the comparison of attitudes towards the elderly between Korean and Chinese university students (1-7points), with Korean students scoring an average of 4.04 points and Chinese students scoring an average of 4.45 points, the attitudes towards the elderly were in the neutral range (3.5-4.5), with Chinese students scoring more positively than their Korean counterparts with statistical significance.On the other hand, when comparing Korean and Chinese university students’knowledge of the elderly (0-24 points), Korean students scored an average of 23.23 points which was higher at a statistically significant level than their Chinese counterparts which scored an average of 11.12 points.
Thirdly, the difference in attitudes towards the elderly was shown to be associated at a statistically significant level to the amount of respect towards the elderly for Korean students. On the other hand, differences in attitudes towards the elderly showed significant association according to cohabitation with grandparents and respect towards the elderly for Chinese students.
Fourthly, regression analysis results showed in the case of Korean students, the respect towards the elderly lectures related to the elderly and emotional understanding of the elderly had a significant effect on their attitudes towards the elderly. In other words, positive attitudes towards the elderly were associated with greater amounts of respect, lecture experience and emotional knowledge the students had towards senior citizens. On the other hand, Chinese students’ attitudes towards the elderly were significantly affected by their region of upbringing, religion, experience of living together with their grandparents, elderly volunteer experience, lectures related to the elderly, recognition of respect towards the elderly and emotional knowledge of senior citizens. In other words, positive attitudes towards the elderly were associated with students who were brought up in rural areas, were religious, lived together with grandparents, had volunteer experience with the elderly, had no experience with lectures concerning the elderly, had higher regard for senior citizens and more emotional knowledge of the elderly.
The suggestions based on the results of the study are as follows. Firstly, as the core members of society’s future, research on the knowledge and attitudes of university students towards the elderly should be continued to solve the ageing problem. These studies should be used as a basis to provide opportunities to improve the younger generation’s awareness of the elderly. Secondly, standardised measures of knowledge and attitudes towards the elderly that can be compared across different countries should be developed. Thirdly, the traditional way of respecting our elders should be passed on continuously. In order for university students to properly understand the elderly and obtain proper knowledge, it is necessary to develop and distribute programs to allow students to interact with senior citizens as well as actively carrying out education concerning the elderly.
Ⅰ. 서 론 ····················································· 011. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ··················································· 012. 연구문제 ···································································· 06Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ··············································· 071. 노인에 대한 지식 ························································· 072. 노인에 대한 태도 ························································· 093. 노인에 대한 한국과 중국의 인식 변화 ································· 124. 선행연구 고찰 ····························································· 15Ⅲ. 연구방법 ················································ 211. 연구모형 ·································································· 212. 조사대상 및 자료수집 ················································ 223. 측정도구 ································································· 234. 자료분석 ································································· 26Ⅳ.연구결과 ·················································· 271. 조사대상자의 인구학적 특성 ········································ 272. 노인과 관련된 경험 ··················································· 303. 한국과 중국 대학생의 노인에 대한 태도 ······················· 334. 한국과 중국 대학생의 노인에 대한 지식 ······················· 395. 관련요인과 노인에 대한 태도의 상관관계 ····················· 436. 노인에 대한 태도에 영향을 미치는 요인 ······················· 47Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 ············································· 521. 요약 및 논의 ···························································· 522. 결론 및 제언 ···························································· 55참고문헌 ········································································ 57ABSTRACT ···································································· 64