The proportion of elderly people aged 65 or older is increasing in Korea. As the age increases, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases. Most of these chronic diseases are related to eating habits and lifestyle, so nutrition management of old age is very important. Especially, low - income elderly people have lower food purchasing power than normal elderly people, and they can not buy diverse foods. However, most of the nutrition education materials currently available are for the elderly because they are for adults and children, and nutrition education programs are short - term one - time education programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nutrition education after developing a nutrition education program for elderly people aged 65 and over using a welfare institution in Daejeon. We assessed the health - related characteristics, body measurements, nutritional knowledge, eating attitude, and improvement of dietary behaviors of pre - and post - nutrition education subjects with five sessions of education and 12 weeks of practice period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the satisfaction, interest, and practicality of nutrition education contents and to provide basic data for establishing nutrition education program for elderly people. The nutrition education program was developed to raise the possibility of action by lowering obstacles to practice while emphasizing motivated and perceived benefits by perceived sensitivity and severity based on health belief model. In addition, we developed an educational program aimed at repeatedly and continuously practicing desirable health behaviors by adding self-efficacy. The first phase consisted of ''managing the right diet for health maintenance'', the second time ''eating less for health'', and the third time ''eating at a lower cost''. Based on what you learned, you had time to practice yourself. During the practice period, the developed handouts and practice checklists were provided to enable continuous practice. After the practical period, we conducted two follow-up trainings for two weeks and retrained and confirmed them.
Nutrition knowledge scores were increased from 7.14 points in pre - collective education group to 8.57 points in post - collective education group (p <0.01), and self education group There was no significant difference. (P <0.01), and the self education group who received the nutrition education data showed a significant increase from 3.40 points before the study period to 4.84 points after the education group study (P <0.01), indicating that educational materials alone had a positive effect on the attitude change. (P <0.05). The self education group increased from 3.59 before education to 4.39 after education (p <0.01). In the question ''Eat snacks less than twice a day'' after nutrition education, the self-education group showed higher score than the collective education group (p <0.01), and it was desirable to reduce snack intake to less than 2, It was found that the selected snack was not desirable. There was no change in the BMI level in the two groups. There was no significant difference in the collective education group, but the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were slightly decreased. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the self - education group showed an increase after education (p <0.01). As a result of the Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA) score, the total collective education group increased from 9.71 to 10.57, and the self - education group decreased from 10.78 to 9.89. The total score of interest, satisfaction, and performance in the nutrition education topic was the highest with interest level was 6.35 points, the satisfaction level was 6.01, and the performance level was 4.42 points(p <0.01). It seems that it is the most difficult to practice the contents learned through action, and it seems that continuous education is needed to lead to steady practice through progressive approach. As a result of comparing the difference of interest, satisfaction, and performance level by educational media, visual interest was the highest with 6.50 points, and media satisfaction was highest with 6.14 points. But, the degree of performance is lower than that of interest and satisfaction. Among them, the game has the highest level of performance with 5.57 points. In order to increase the level of performance, it is important to develop education programs by using games and practice as media.
The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of nutritional education data in the future because they are aimed at low - income elderly people who have very few studies.
In addition, if systematically and practically developed data are utilized in nutrition education of various institutions, this study can contribute to social, national and economic benefits as well as improving the quality of life of low - income elderly individuals.