본 연구는 영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모의 양육경험과 양육경험의 의미에 대해 내러티브 탐구를 통해 알아보고자 하였다.
연구 목적에 따른 연구문제는 다음과 같다.
1. 영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모의 양육 경험은 어떠한가?
2. 영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모의 양육경험 의미는 무엇인가?
본 연구는 영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모의 양육경험과 양육의미를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 강원도 D시에 거주하고 있는 영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모 2쌍을 연구참여자로 선정하였다. 자료수집은 2020년 3월부터 2020년 10월까지 이루어졌으며, 심층면담을 주로 하였고, 그 외 기타자료가 있다. 자료 분석은 내러티브 탐구의 나선형 순환과정으로 이루어졌다. 연구자의 연구퍼즐 발현 후 초기 면담의 현장 텍스트를 수집하였고, 현장 텍스트는 세그멘팅 과정을 거쳐 다음 자료 수집 과정과 연구 텍스트 작성에 반영되었다. 그리고 연구문제를 중심으로 도출된 주제를 적절히 선택하고 배열하여 연구 텍스트를 구성하였다. 이상의 과정을 통해 도출된 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다.
영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모의 양육경험은 첫째, 당연한 맞벌이, 낮아지는 기대치, 둘째, 혼자서는 불가능, 언제나 보조 양육자, 셋째, 떠밀리는 아기, 재촉하는 부모의 세 가지로 나타났다. 맞벌이 부모로 살아가기를 선택하고, 자녀를 양육하면서 많은 어려움에 부딪히고 있었다. 혼자 자녀를 양육할 수 없었기에 양육지원자의 도움이 필요하였으나, 양육방식의 차이로 인해 마찰이 생기기도 하였다. 그래서 나의 양육방식을 내려놓고, 양육지원자의 양육방식을 따라감으로써 마찰을 줄이고자 하였다. 바쁜 하루로 인해 자녀와 함께 할 수 있는 시간이 적어 늘 미안하고 안타까웠으며, 자신으로 인해 아기가 사랑을 부족하게 느끼는 건 아닌지, 발달이 느리진 않은지 걱정되고 불안하였다. 그래도 부모로서 열심히 살아가고 있었으며, 때로는 미안함을 물질적인 풍요로움으로 채워주려 하였고, 주말은 평일에 대한 보상으로 활용하고 있었다. 영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모의 양육경험 의미는 첫째, ‘나’에서 ‘우리’되기, 둘째, 삶의 엔돌핀을 통한 행복 찾아가기, 셋째, 아이와 함께 성장하며 진정한 사랑 배워가기로 나타났다. 아이를 양육하면서 자신을 돌아보게 되고, 내려놓을 줄 알게 되었으며, 나보다 우리를 더 중요하게 생각하게 되는 인생의 전환점이 되었다. 그럼으로써 혼자하던 취미들도 아이와 함께 할 수 있는 취미로 찾아보려고 노력하였고, 언제나 아이들에게 아낌없이 주는 나무 같은 부모가 되기 위해 더 열심히, 더 부지런히 살아가고자 하였다. 이와같이 영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모의 양육경험은 직장생활을 하며 자녀를 양육하느라 직장과 가정에서 수많은 어려움에 부딪히지만, 자녀와 함께 우리의 행복을 찾고 진정한 사랑을 배워가는 과정을 의미하였다.
본 연구를 통해 영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모들의 양육을 이해하여 그들의 삶에 맞는 실질적인 지원이 필요하다는 걸 알 수 있었다. 직장생활을 하며 자녀를 양육하기에 양육지원자의 도움을 가장 필요로 했으며, 양육방식의 마찰을 줄이고 양육의 일치를 위해 부모와 양육지원자에 대한 교육이 필요하였다. 이를 위해 맞벌이 부모의 양육경험이 어떠한지, 양육경험의 의미가 무엇인지 고려해 보아야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 영아기 자녀를 양육하는 맞벌이 부모와 양육지원자에 대한 교육에 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 나아가 맞벌이 가정의 양육지원정책에도 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the parenting experience of working parents with infants and the meaning of parenting experience through a narrative inquiry.
The research questions according to the purpose are as follows:
1. What is the parenting experience of working parents with infants?
2. What is the meaning of parenting experience for working parents with infants?
This study aimed to investigate the parenting experience of working parents with infants and the meaning of parenting. To this end, two pairs of working parents with infants residing in City D, Gangwon-do were recruited as research subjects. Data was collected from March to October 2020 by mostly performing in-depth interviews and from other materials. The data was analyzed in a spiral cycle of a narrative inquiry. After the research puzzle was defined, the field text of the initial interview was collected, which was reflected in the next data collection process and the research text after going through a segmenting process. The research text was composed by selecting and arranging the topics derived from the research problems. Based on the process above, the conclusion is derived as follows.
The research subjects had the following three types of parenting experience: First, working being taken for granted and expectations getting lower. Second, Impossible alone, and childcare helpers are always essential. Third, shifting parenting responsibilities and pressing parents. They had chosen to live as working parents and had been struggling with raising children. Since it was impossible to raise children alone, they needed help from nannies, but sometimes they had conflicts due to different parenting styles. As a result, they had to give up and follow the childcare helpers’ parenting style. They always felt sorry and sad that they had little time to spend with their young children due to work, and they were worried and anxious about whether their children would feel not loved enough or whether their development was slow. They still had been doing their best as parents; they sometimes tried to make it up to their children by buying them gifts and spent weekends to make up for lost time together on weekdays. The meaning of parenting experience for the research subjects was as follows: First, becoming “we” from “I”. Second, finding happiness in daily life. Third, growing up with children and learning true love. Raising children was a turning point in their lives, they looked back at themselves, learned how to let things go, and focused more on “us” than “me.” As a result, they tried to find hobbies that they could do with their children rather than just themselves and to work harder and more diligently to become “the giving tree” for their children. Thus, their parenting experience meant a process of going through a number of difficulties both at work and at home while raising children and finding happiness and learning true love at the same time.
Exploring the parenting experience of working parents with infants, this study found that it was required to provide practical support suitable for their lives. As they juggled between work and family, they most needed childcare helpers, and education for parents and childcare helpers was needed to reduce conflicts in parenting. To this end, it is required to consider the parenting experience of working parents and the meaning of parenting experience for them. This study is expected to be used in educating working parents and childcare helpers on infant rearing and to be helpful in developing policy for supporting dual-earner families.
Ⅰ. 서 론1. 연구의 목적 및 필요성 ···················································· 12. 연구문제 ····································································· 33. 용어의 정의 ··································································· 3Ⅱ. 이론적 배경1. 영아기 발달 ··································································51) 영아기 발달 특성 ·························································· 52) 영아기 발달의 중요성 및 영향요인 ··································· 72. 맞벌이 부모의 자녀 양육 ···················································· 91) 맞벌이 부모의 자녀 양육 현황 ··········································· 92) 맞벌이 부모의 자녀 양육 지원정책 ······································ 103. 맞벌이 부모의 자녀 양육경험 ···············································134. 내러티브 탐구 ·······························································17Ⅲ. 연구방법1. 연구동기 ····································································212. 연구참여자 ···································································223. 연구절차 ······································································241) 자료수집 ···································································242) 자료분석 ···································································27Ⅳ. 연구결과1. 영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모의 양육경험 ································292. 영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모의 양육경험 의미 ·······················58Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론1. 요약 및 논의 ·································································671) 요약 ·······································································672) 논의 ·······································································682. 결론 및 제언 ·································································721) 결론 ·······································································722) 제언 ·······································································73참고문헌 ···········································································74부록 ················································································79Abstract ··········································································80