COVID-19 캠페인 인지가 호흡기 감염 예방 행동에 미치는 영향 : 건강신념 매개효과 중심 :The Effects of Perception of COVID-19 Campaign on Respiratory Infection Preventive Behavior: Mediated by Health Belief Model(HBM)

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자료유형: 학위논문

저자정보: 이위경 (삼육대학교, 삼육대학교 일반대학원)

지도교수: 신성례

발행연도: 2021

저작권: 삼육대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.

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이 논문의 연구 히스토리 (2)

2022

COVID-19 캠페인 인지가 호흡기 감염 예방 행동에 미치는 영향: 건강신념 매개효과 중심

이위경 , 신성례 보건교육건강증진학회지 2022.06 학술저널

2021

COVID-19 캠페인 인지가 호흡기 감염 예방 행동에 미치는 영향 : 건강신념 매개효과 중심

이위경 간호학과 2021.01 학위논문

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COVID-19(Coronavirus Disease 2019)은 감염자의 비말을 통해 전염되는 가장 치명적인 신종감염병이다. 질병관리청에서는 COVID-19 캠페인, 즉 사회적 거리두기 캠페인의 일환으로 올바른 손 씻기, 기침 예절 준수, 마스크 착용 등의 비약물적 예방을 권고하며 정부도 수도권에 강화된 2.5 단계까지의 사회적 거리두기 행동지침을 강력히 추진하였다.
본 연구는 COVID-19 캠페인 인지 수준이 건강신념, 즉 지각된 민감성, 지각된 심각성, 자기효능감, 지각된 이익, 지각된 장애를 매개하여 호흡기 감염 예방 행동에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 서술적 상관관계 연구로 서울시와 경기도에 거주하는 성인 270명을 대상으로 하였다. COVID-19 캠페인 인지 수준은 안의수, 이용수(2007)가 개발하고 강재인(2010)이 수정 보완한 도구를 본 연구에 맞게 수정하여 측정한 캠페인 매체에 대한 노출 수준과 기억 수준의 평균을 합하여 2로 나눈 값이다. 건강 신념 요인은 이지은(2018)이 개발한 도구를 수정 보완하여 지각된 민감성과 심각성, 자기효능감, 지각된 이익과 장애의 평균을 측정하였고, 호흡기 감염 예방 행동도 이지은(2018)이 개발한 도구를 수정 보완하여 개인적 예방 행동, 사회적 예방 행동의 평균을 합한 값으로 측정하였다.
본 연구는 성별, 지역, 연령별 비례를 고려한 무작위 할당표집 방법으로 전문 리서치 업체의 인터넷 조사를 통해 실시되었다. 자료 분석은 통계 프로그램 SPSS(version 25.0)와 Process Release 3.3 확장 프로그램을 이용하여 기술 통계, 빈도분석, ANOVA 분산분석, 상관관계는 Pearson''s correlation analysis, 변수간의 영향력은 단순, 복합 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 매개효과는 Baron과 Kenny의 3단계 검증 절차를 이용하였고 유의성은 Bootstrapping 방법을 통해 95% 신뢰구간을 산출하여 분석하였다.
연구 결과, 여성이 자기효능감(p<.05)과 호흡기 감염 예방 행동(p<.001)이 높았고 60대 이상이 COVID-19 캠페인 인지 수준(p<.05), 지각된 민감성(p<.05), 사회적 예방 행동(p<.05)이 높았다. 무직자가 호흡기 감염 예방 행동(p<.001)이 높았고 건강하다고 인식한 그룹에서 COVID-19 캠페인 인지 수준(p<.01)은 높았고 지각된 민감성(p<.001)은 낮았다. COVID-19 캠페인 인지 수준은 자기효능감, 지각된 이익, 호흡기 감염 예방 행동과 정적인 상관관계, 지각된 장애와는 부적인 상관관계를 나타냈다. 건강신념은 호흡기 감염 예방 행동에 정적인 상관관계를 보였고 지각된 민감성은 자기효능감, 호흡기 감염 예방 행동과는 유의미한 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. COVID-19 캠페인 인지 수준은 자기효능감(p<.01)과 지각된 이익(p<.01)을 매개하여 호흡기 감염 예방 행동을 수행하게 하였다. 유의성 검증 위해 부스트래핑을 실시한 결과, 자기효능감을 통한 매개효과의 95% 신뢰 구간은 .01-.09이었고 지각된 이익은 .01-.07로 나타나 유의한 결과를 나타냈다.
따라서 COVID-19 캠페인 인지는 자기효능감과 지각된 이익을 매개로 하여 호흡기 감염 예방 행동에 영향을 주는 것을 검증하였다. 본 연구를 통해 효과적인 캠페인 기획과 캠페인 방향 제시를 위한 추후 연구 방향 특히 캠페인의 메시지 인지 수준을 향상시키기 위한 메시지 전략, 메시지 대상 선정, 메시지 전달 방법 모색 등을 제언하였다.

주요어: COVID-19, 건강 캠페인, 사회적 거리, 호흡기 감염, 건강 행동

A B S T R A C T

COVID-19(Coronavirus Disease 2019) is the deadliest Emerging infectious disease(EID) that spreads through respiratory droplets of infected person. As part of COVID-19 campaign so as called Social Distancing campaign, The Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency(KDCA) recommends non-drug prevention such as hand washing, following coughing etiquettes, wearing face mask.
This study aimed to examine the effects of perception of COVID-19 campaign on respiratory infection preventive behavior mediated by Health Belief Model(HBM) that consists of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, perceived benefit, perceived barrier. This is a descriptive correlation study conducted in Seoul and Gyeonggi, and collected the data of 270 adult participants.
The sample was assigned random through internet survey with the consideration of proportion of gender, region, and age. Analysis of data was done using a statistical program SPSS(version 25) and Process Release 3.3 extension program. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, simple and multiple regression, Baron and Kenny method, Boostrapping were used to explore the data.

The results indicated women were high in self-efficacy(p<.05) and respiratory infection preventive behavior(p<.001). Age over 60 were high in perception of COVID-19 campaign(p<.05), perceived susceptibility(p<.05), and social preventive behavior(p<.05). Unemployed were high in respiratory infection preventive behavior(p<.001). Those perceived as healthy were high in respiratory infection preventive behavior(p<.01) and low in perceived susceptibility(p<.001). The perception of COVID-19 campaign was positively related with self-efficacy, perceived benefit, respiratory infection preventive behavior and negatively related with perceived barrier. Helath Belief factor showed positive relation with respiratory infection preventive behavior. Perceived susceptibility did not show a significant relationship with self-efficacy and respiratory infection preventive behavior. The perception of COVID-19 campaign was mediated by self-efficacy(p<.01) and perceived benefit(p<.01) to comply the respiratory infection preventive behavior. To verify significance, we conducted Boostrapping and the results were significant indicating that 95% of confidence interval of self-efficacy showed .01-.09 and perceived benefit showed .01-.07.
Therefore the perception of COVID-19 campaign has proven that it affects respiratory infection preventive behavior mediated by self-efficacy and percieved benefit. The study provided guidelines for an effective campaign plan and directions for further study of campaign.

Key words: COVID-19, Health campaign, Social distance, Respiratory infection, Health behavior

#COVID-19 #Health campaign #Social distance #Respiratory infection #Health behavior

목 차
목 차 ··························································································· ⅰ
표 목차 ··························································································· ⅳ
그림 목차 ··························································································· ⅴ
부록 목차 ··························································································· ⅵ
국문 초록 ··························································································· ⅶ
Ⅰ. 서론 ······························································································ 1
A. 연구의 필요성 ········································································· 1
B. 연구 목적 ················································································ 4
C. 연구 가실 ················································································ 4
D. 용어 정의 ················································································ 7
Ⅱ. 문헌고찰 ······················································································· 11
A. COVID-19 ············································································· 11
B. 건강신념 모형 ········································································· 15
C. 건강 캠페인과 행동 변화 ·························································· 19
Ⅲ. 연구모형 ······················································································· 22
Ⅳ. 연구방법 ······················································································· 23
A. 연구설계 ················································································ 23
B. 연구대상 ················································································· 23
C. 연구도구 ················································································· 24
D. 자료수집 ················································································· 26
E. 자료 분석 방법 ········································································· 27
F. 윤리적 고려 ············································································· 28
Ⅴ. 연구 결과 ······················································································ 29
A. 표본의 일반적 특성 ································································· 29
B. COVID-19 캠페인 인지 수준 ···················································· 31
C. 주요 변인의 기술통계 ······························································ 34
D. 일반적 특성에 따른 주요 변인의 차이 ········································ 35
E. COVID-19 캠페인 인지, 건강신념 및 호흡기 감염 예방 행동간
상관관계 ················································································· 42
F. 가설 검증 ················································································ 44
G. COVID-19 캠페인 인지, 건강신념 및 호흡기 감염 예방 행동간
매개효과 ················································································· 49
Ⅵ. 논의 ····························································································· 52
A. COVID-19 캠페인 ··································································· 52
B. 건강신념 ················································································· 55
C. 호흡기 감염 예방 행동 ······························································ 57
D. 일반적 특성 ············································································· 59
E. 상관관계 및 매개효과 ······························································· 63
F. 간호학적 의의 ·········································································· 68
G. 연구의 제한점 ········································································· 69
Ⅶ. 결론 및 제언 ·················································································· 70
A. 결론 ······················································································· 70
B. 제언 ························································································ 70
참고문헌 ···························································································· 71
ABSTRACT ························································································ 101
부록 ··································································································· 103

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