본 연구에서는 놀이치료자의 완벽주의와 발달 수준에 따라 군집을 분류한 후, 각 군집 유형에 따라 심리적 소진의 차이를 검증하였다. 연구대상은 현장에서 놀이치료를 진행하고 있는 놀이치료자 259명이었으며, 완벽주의 척도, 발달 수준 척도, 심리적 소진 척도를 사용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 26.0 프로그램을 사용하여 2단계 군집분석(Hair & Black, 2000)을 실시하였다. 연구절차는 전체 놀이치료자 집단과 초심 놀이치료자 집단, 숙련 놀이치료자 집단에 따라 각 3개의 군집으로 분류하였고, 일원변량분석(ANOVA)으로 군집별 완벽주의와 발달 수준의 차이를 확인하였다. 그 다음 군집별 심리적 소진 전체와 하위요인의 차이를 확인하기 위해 다변량분산분석(MANOVA)과 등분산성 가정 여부에 따라 Scheffé와 Games-Howell 사후 검증을 실시하였다.
본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 연구 변인 간의 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 놀이치료자의 완벽주의와 발달 수준과 심리적 소진 간에 유의한 상관이 있는 것으로 확인되었다.
둘째, 놀이치료자(전체, 초심자, 숙련자)의 완벽주의와 발달 수준에 따라 군집을 분석한 결과 3개의 군집이 분류되었다. 전체 놀이치료자 집단은 ‘유연한 적응형’, ‘엄격한 능숙형’, ‘엄격한 미숙형’으로 명명하였고, 초심 놀이치료자 집단은 ‘유연한 적응형’, ‘엄격한 미숙형’, ‘엄격한 능숙형’으로 명명하였다. 숙련 놀이치료자 집단의 경우, ‘조율적 적응형’, ‘조율적 능숙형’, ‘유연한 적응형’으로 명명하였다.
셋째, 놀이치료자(전체, 초심자, 숙련자)의 완벽주의와 발달 수준에 따라 분류한 군집들 간에 심리적 소진 전체와 하위요인의 차이를 검증하였다.
심리적 소진은 전체 놀이치료자 집단의 경우, ‘엄격한 미숙형’, ‘엄격한 능숙형’, ‘유연한 적응형’순으로 확인되었다. 초심 놀이치료자 집단의 경우, ‘엄격한 미숙형’, ‘엄격한 능숙형’, ‘유연한 적응형’ 순으로 확인되었다. 숙련 놀이치료자 집단은, ‘조율적 적응형, ‘조율적 능숙형’,‘유연한 적응형’ 순으로 확인되었다.
심리적 소진의 하위요인 중 정서적 고갈은, 전체 놀이치료자 집단의 경우 ‘엄격한 미숙형’, ‘엄격한 능숙형’, ‘유연한 적응형’순으로 확인되었다. 초심 놀이치료자 집단의 경우, ‘엄격한 미숙형’, ‘엄격한 능숙형’, ‘유연한 적응형’ 순으로 확인되었다. 숙련 놀이치료자 집단은, ‘조율적 적응형’, ‘조율적 능숙형’, ‘유연한 적응형’ 순으로 확인되었다.
다음으로 내담아동에 대한 비인간화는, 전체 놀이치료자 집단의 경우 ‘엄격한 미숙형’, ‘엄격한 능숙형’, ‘유연한 적응형’순으로 확인되었다. 초심 놀이치료자 집단의 경우, ‘엄격한 미숙형’,‘엄격한 능숙형’, ‘유연한 적응형’ 순으로 확인되었다. 숙련 놀이치료자 집단은, ‘조율적 능숙형’.‘조율적 적응형’, ‘유연한 적응형’ 순으로 확인되었다.
마지막으로 개인적 성취감의 감소는, 전체 놀이치료자 집단의 경우 ‘엄격한 미숙형’,‘유연한 적응형’, ‘엄격한 능숙형’ 순으로 확인되었다. 초심 놀이치료자 집단의 경우, ‘엄격한 미숙형,‘유연한 적응형’, ‘엄격한 능숙형’ 순으로 확인되었다. 숙련 놀이치료자 집단은, ‘조율적 적응형’,‘조율적 능숙형’, ‘유연한 적응형’순으로 확인되었다.
이와 같이 본 연구는 놀이치료자의 성격 변인인 완벽주의와 상담역량변인인 발달 수준의 조합이 심리적 소진의 하위요인에 미치는 영향을 깊이 있게 탐색하였다는 것에 의의가 있다.

In this study, after classifying the groups according to the level of perfectionism and development of the play therapist, the difference in psychological burnout according to each type of group was verified. The subjects of the study were 259 play therapists who were conducting play therapy in the field, and a survey was conducted using the perfectionism scale, the developmental level scale, and the psychological burnout scale. The collected data were subjected to a two-step cluster analysis (Hair & Black, 2000) using the SPSS 26.0 program. The research procedure was divided into 3 groups according to the total play therapist group, novice play therapist group, and skilled play therapist group, and differences in perfectionism and developmental level were confirmed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, in order to confirm the difference between the overall psychological burnout and sub-factors by cluster, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Scheffé or Games-Howell post validation were conducted according to the assumption of equal variance.
The results of this study are summarized as follows.
First, as a result of correlation analysis between study variables, it was confirmed that there was a significant correlation between perfectionism and developmental level of play therapists and psychological burnout.
Second, as a result of analyzing the clusters according to the level of perfectionism and development of play therapists (all, beginners, and experts), three clusters were classified. The entire play therapist group was named ''flexible adaptive type'', ''strict proficient type'', and ''strict immature type'', and the novice play therapist group was named ''flexible adaptive type'', ''strict immature type'', and ''strict proficient type''. did In the case of the skilled play therapist group, they were named ''adjustable adaptive type'', ''adjustable proficient type'', and ''flexible adaptive type''.
Third, the differences in overall psychological burnout and sub-factors were verified between the groups classified according to the level of perfectionism and development of play therapists (all, beginners, and experts).
In the case of the entire group of play therapists, psychological burnout was confirmed in the order of ''strict immature type'', ''strict proficient type'', and ''flexible adaptive type''. In the case of the novice play therapist group, it was identified in the order of ''strict immature type'', ''strict proficient type'', and ''flexible adaptive type''. The skillful play therapist group was identified in the order of ''adjustable adaptive type'', ''adjustable proficient type'', and ''flexible adaptive type''.
Among the sub-factors of psychological burnout, emotional exhaustion was confirmed in the order of ''strict immature type'', ''strict proficient type'', and ''flexible adaptive type'' in the case of the entire play therapist group. In the case of the novice play therapist group, it was identified in the order of ''strict immature type'', ''strict proficient type'', and ''flexible adaptive type''. The skillful play therapist group was identified in the order of ''adjustable adaptive type'', ''adjustable proficient type'', and ''flexible adaptive type''.
Next, the dehumanization of the client child was confirmed in the order of ''strict immature type'', ''strict proficient type'', and ''flexible adaptive type'' in the case of the entire play therapist group. In the case of the novice play therapist group, it was identified in the order of ‘strict immature type’, ‘strict proficient type’, and ‘flexible adaptive type’. The skillful play therapist group was identified in the order of ‘adjustable proficient type’, ‘adjustable adaptive type’, and ‘flexible adaptive type’.
Finally, the decrease in personal achievement was confirmed in the order of ''strict immature type'', ''flexible adaptive type'', and ''strict proficient type'' in the case of the entire play therapist group. In the case of the novice play therapist group, it was identified in the order of ''strict immature type'', ''flexible adaptive type'', and ''strict proficient type''. The skillful play therapist group was identified in the order of ''adjustable adaptive type'', ''adjustable proficient type'', and ''flexible adaptive type''.
As such, this study is significant in that it explored in depth the effect of the combination of perfectionism, a personality variable of play therapists, and developmental level, a counseling competency variable, on sub-factors of psychological burnout.