This study aims to examine how yoga and badminton affect old women on physical fitness and balance ability. According to the overall conclusion, the badminton group showed the highest improvement and the positive effects on physical fitness as well as balance ability through aerobic exercise that includes various steps and movements. Furthermore, yoga exercise makes the improvements on joint working range and physical function which produced a better result on flexibility than before practicing yoga. Since the flexibility is an important factor when responding to the reduction of age related movement range, yoga is also considered to be helpful for the old women on fall prevention. Therefore, the following results were obtained. First, the changes in physical fitness of old women according to yoga and badminton, the badminton group statistically showed a significant difference in chair stand, arm curl, 2-minute walk, and 244㎝m up-and-go while the yoga group showed significant difference in sit-and-reach and back stretch. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. Second, the changes in balance ability of old women according to yoga and badminton, the badminton group showed a statistically significant difference in every item while yoga group showed a statistically significant difference in OLREP(Ant-Post). However, the significant difference on NESO(Velocity moment), OLREO(Med-Lat), OLREO(Velocity moment), OLLEO(Med-Lat), OLLEO(Ant-Post), OLLEO(Velocity moment) was found between the groups.